Aquaculture: Difference between revisions

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==Impacts on Coral==
==Impacts on Coral==
*Current common fishing practice in Indo-Pacific if dropping cyanide in water to stun fish- having disastrous effects on coral <ref name= Pomeroy>Pomeroy, Robert S., John E. Parks, and Cristina M. Balboa. "Farming the Reef: Is Aquaculture a Solution for Reducing Fishing Pressure on Coral Reefs?" Marine Policy 30.2 (2006): 111-30. Web.</ref>
*Coral reefs are used to provide an ecosystem for aquaculture farming. <ref>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Fisheries." <i>NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program</i>. US Department of Commerce, 13 July 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. Web.</ref>
*Coral reefs are used to provide an ecosystem for aquaculture farming. <ref>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Fisheries." <i>NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program</i>. US Department of Commerce, 13 July 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. Web.</ref>
*Aquaculture contribute to algae blooms, due to the resulting waste, which provides more nutrients for algae. <ref>"Impact of Fish Aquaculture Effluent on Reef-Associated Microbial Communities & Coral Health." Fish Effluent Impact on Reef Microbes & Coral Health. Coral Reef Target Research & Capacity Building for Management, 2013. Web. 02 Mar. 2016. Web.</ref>
*Aquaculture on Costal Reefs and Related Problems
*Aquaculture on Costal Reefs and Related Problems
**Cage Culture <ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
**Cage Culture <ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
**Restocking and Reseeding<ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
**Restocking and Reseeding<ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
**Artificial Habitat Development<ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
**Artificial Habitat Development<ref name="Great">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i> 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.</ref>
*Live reef products are also a common aquaculture market; though this is much less in demand as the food-oriented aquaculture. <ref name= Pomeroy>Pomeroy, Robert S., John E. Parks, and Cristina M. Balboa. "Farming the Reef: Is Aquaculture a Solution for Reducing Fishing Pressure on Coral Reefs?" Marine Policy 30.2 (2006): 111-30. Web.</ref>


==Problems==
==Problems==

Revision as of 17:07, 2 March 2016

Aquaculture and Mariculture

  • Extensive and Intensive Aquaculture [1]
    • Extensive aquaculture does not require the addition of feed. Examples of this include
    • Intensive aquaculture requires the addition of feed. Examples of this include

Types of aquaculture

  • 1/4 bivalves [2]
  • 1/4 seaweed and algae [2]
    • Largely produced for chemicals [2]
  • 1/2 fish [2]
    • salmon
      • largest market value produced [2]
    • shrimp

Potential Mitigation of Over-fishing

  • It is predicted that by 2030 50% of fish consumption could be from aquaculture [3]
  • Collection of juvenile from wild or incubating in a hatchery
    • Rate of replenishment needs to be sustainable for the ecosystem that the juveniles are collected from [4]
  • Urban aquaculture [5]
  • Has led to poverty reduction for those who perform aquaculture in Bangladesh [6]

Impacts on Coral

  • Coral reefs are used to provide an ecosystem for aquaculture farming. [7]
  • Aquaculture contribute to algae blooms, due to the resulting waste, which provides more nutrients for algae. [8]
  • Aquaculture on Costal Reefs and Related Problems
    • Cage Culture [1]
    • Restocking and Reseeding[1]
    • Artificial Habitat Development[1]
  • Live reef products are also a common aquaculture market; though this is much less in demand as the food-oriented aquaculture. [4]

Problems

Pollution

  • Increased pollution along coast from concentration of aquacultures [4]

GMO Salmon

  • AquaBoutny Technologies has created a GMO salmon that grows twice as fast as normal salmon and twice as large [9]
    • regulation issues
    • fear of its escape into the wild

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. "Aquaculture Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park." Marine Pollution Bulletin 7.12 (2002): 10. Australian Government, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. Web.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lucas, John. "aquaculture." Current biology : CB 25.22 (2015): R1064-5. Web.
  3. ↑ Muir, James. "Managing to Harvest? Perspectives on the Potential of Aquaculture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360.1453 (2005): 191-218. Web.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Pomeroy, Robert S., John E. Parks, and Cristina M. Balboa. "Farming the Reef: Is Aquaculture a Solution for Reducing Fishing Pressure on Coral Reefs?" Marine Policy 30.2 (2006): 111-30. Web.
  5. ↑ Urban fish farms a wave of the future?; A new york educator says big- city aquaculture can ease overfishing, add jobs and improve diets. (2006, Aug 14). Los Angeles Times
  6. ↑ e-Jahan, Khondker Murshed, Mahfuzuddin Ahmed, and Ben Belton. "The Impacts of Aquaculture Development on Food Security: Lessons from Bangladesh." Aquaculture Research 41.4 (2010): 481-95. Web.
  7. ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Fisheries." NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. US Department of Commerce, 13 July 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. Web.
  8. ↑ "Impact of Fish Aquaculture Effluent on Reef-Associated Microbial Communities & Coral Health." Fish Effluent Impact on Reef Microbes & Coral Health. Coral Reef Target Research & Capacity Building for Management, 2013. Web. 02 Mar. 2016. Web.
  9. ↑ Rack, Jessie. "Genetically Modified Salmon: Coming To a River Near You?" NPR The Salt (2015): Web
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