Cephalopods: Difference between revisions
From coraldigest
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== Life Cycle and Reproduction == | == Life Cycle and Reproduction == | ||
*Males | |||
**Specialized arm or tentacle that transfers spermatophores to the female's genital pore <ref name="ADW"></ref> | |||
***This specialized appendage is sometimes left behind in the female's mantle cavity (known as a hetocotylus arm) <ref name="ADW"></ref> | |||
*Females | |||
*Single oviduct <ref name="ADW"></ref> | |||
*Courtship rituals can include color changes and body movements <ref name="ADW"></ref> | |||
*Life Cycle | |||
**No true larval stage <ref name="ADW"></ref> | |||
**Large eggs hatch as paralarvae <ref name="EOS"></ref> | |||
**Adult size reached in about one year <ref name="EOS"></ref> | |||
**Most individuals die shortly after mating <ref name="EOS"></ref> | |||
**Uniseasonal breeding <ref name="EOS"></ref> | |||
***Can cause considerable seasonal fluctuations in population <ref name="EOS"></ref> | |||
== Anatomy == | == Anatomy == | ||
*Buccal cavity <ref name="ADW"></ref> | *Buccal cavity <ref name="ADW"></ref> |
Revision as of 17:08, 25 February 2014
Cephalopods
- Class Cephalopoda [1]
Evolution
- Probably evolved from gastropods [2]
- More than 10,000 fossil species named [2]
- Belemnoids, from the Mesozoic, may be the ancestors of modern squids [2]
Life Cycle and Reproduction
- Males
- Females
- Single oviduct [2]
- Courtship rituals can include color changes and body movements [2]
- Life Cycle
Anatomy
- Buccal cavity [2]
- Radula [2]
- Ink gland [2]
- All but the family Nautilus have cells containing large amounts of pigment and contractile fibers [2]
- This is what enables the animals to change colors [2]
- Frequently occurs in response to danger or emotion
- This is what enables the animals to change colors [2]
- Can distinguish shapes and colors with highly evolved sensory system
- Have reduced or absent calcareous shells [1]
- Squids and octopuses have lost the internal shell and its buoyancy functions [1]
- Brain
- Ganglionic masses centered around the esophagus [1]
- Well developed statocysts (gravity and movement senses) [1]
- Skin
Diet
- Carnivorous [2]
Behavior
- Rapid color change [3]
- Centralized brain with highly developed sense organs [3]
- Jet propulsion [2]
- Inking [1]
Habitat
Threats
- Human Induced Threats [4]
Species
Common Octopus
Caribbean Reef Squid
Caribbean Reef Octopus
Caribbean Two-Spot Octopus
Notes
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Boyle, P. "Cephalopods." Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences 1 (2001): 436-42. Science Direct. Elsevier B.V., 11 Apr. 2013. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. <http://ac.els-cdn.com/B9780123744739001958/3-s2.0-B9780123744739001958-main.pdf?_tid=4e6f9af6-9e64-11e3-bd04-00000aacb360&acdnat=1393364120_b8c509396a239367521c18e75d90ee5a>.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Wheeler, Kristen, and Daphne G. Fautin. "ADW: Cephalopoda: INFORMATION." Animal Diversity Web. Regenst of the University of Michigan, 2001. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cephalopoda/>.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jann, Vendetti. "The Cephalopoda." University of California Museum of Paleontology. UC Berkeley, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopoda.php>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 LaRosa, Ginni A.. "Learning from the Soft Intelligence: Cephalopods as Indicators of Ocean Changes." UMD Library. University of Maryland, 01 Dec 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2014. <http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/12427/11/LaRosa_ResearchPaper.pdf>.