CoralReproduction: Difference between revisions
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===Budding=== | ===Budding=== | ||
Budding involves the formation of a daughter polyp from a parent polyp, through intra- or extra-tentacular budding. Different species may bud through either process, or both. | Budding involves the formation of a daughter polyp from a parent polyp, through intra- or extra-tentacular budding. Different species may bud through either process, or both. <ref name>="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>. </ref> | ||
====Intratentacular Budding==== | ====Intratentacular Budding==== | ||
Intratentacular budding occurs when the parent polyp divide itself into two or more daughter polyps. | Intratentacular budding occurs when the parent polyp divide itself into two or more daughter polyps. <ref name>="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>. </ref> | ||
====Extratentacular Budding==== | ====Extratentacular Budding==== | ||
Extratentacular budding occurs when daughter corallites form adjacent to the parent colony. | Extratentacular budding occurs when daughter corallites form adjacent to the parent colony. <ref name>="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>. </ref> | ||
===Fragmentation=== | ===Fragmentation=== | ||
Revision as of 09:53, 13 April 2015
Coral Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Mass Spawning Events
Synchronization
Cross Fertilization
Controlling Factors
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction propagates successful genotypic polyps within a coral head through budding and fragmentation. In asexual reproduction, new clonal polyps bud or fragment off from their parent polyp in order to expand current colonies or begin new ones. The extent of asexual reproduction is related to habitat conditions, day length, and the rate of temperature change.[3] Asexual reproduction methods are often used when conditions are relatively stable in order to rapidly expand, and switch to sexual reproduction in order to produce genetically diverse offspring. [2]
Budding
Budding involves the formation of a daughter polyp from a parent polyp, through intra- or extra-tentacular budding. Different species may bud through either process, or both. [4]
Intratentacular Budding
Intratentacular budding occurs when the parent polyp divide itself into two or more daughter polyps. [5]
Extratentacular Budding
Extratentacular budding occurs when daughter corallites form adjacent to the parent colony. [6]
Fragmentation
Fragmentation – Fragmentation can be both intentional or unintentional. Intentional fragmentation occurs when localized skeletal dissolution occurs along the corallum for easy breakage, and pieces of the coral fall away. [7] Unintentional fragmentation occurs when corals are subject to physical disturbances, such as storms. The success of fragmentation depends largely on the substrate upon which the coral fragments settles. Success is much greater for fragments that settle on top of living colonies, as opposed to sand.[8] If conditions are favorable, fragmentation allows a portion of one colony to establish a new coral colony that is genetically identical to its parent colony. [8]
Abiotic Factors
Temperature Change
Water Contamination
UV radiation
Tropical Storms
Biotic Factors
Heterotrophy
Zooxanthellae
Fish
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Veron, J.E.N. “Sexual Reproduction.” The Australian Institute of Marine Sciences. The Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, 2013. Web. 23 Feb 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Miller, K. J., and D. J. Ayre. "The Role of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Structuring High Latitude Populations of the Reef Coral Pocillopora Damicornis." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 21 Apr. 2004.
- ↑ "Coral Reproduction." NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program:. N.p., n.d.
- ↑ ="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>.
- ↑ ="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>.
- ↑ ="Colony Formation"> "Colony Formation." Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/structure-colony.jsp>.
- ↑ Yamashiro, H., and M. Nishihira. "Radial Skeletal Dissolution to Promote Vegetative Reproduction in a Solitary CoralDiaseris Distorta." Experientia 50.5 (1994): 497-98. Web.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lirman, Diego. "Fragmentation in the Branching Coral Acropora Palmata (Lamarck): Growth, Survivorship, and Reproduction of Colonies and Fragments." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 251.1 (2000): 41-57. Web.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Research Areas." Nsf.gov. National Science Foundation, 12 Dec. 2013. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. <http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=129838&WT.mc_id=USNSF_51&WT.mc_ev=click>.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., et al. "Effects of Temperature, Light and Heterotrophy on the Growth Rate and Budding of the Temperate Coral Cladocora Caespitosa." Coral Reefs 27.1 (2008): 17-25. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
- ↑ Loya, Y., et al. "Nutrient Enrichment Caused by in Situ Fish Farms at Eilat, Red Sea is Detrimental to Coral Reproduction." Marine pollution bulletin 49.4 (2004): 344-53. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
- ↑ Humphrey, C., et al. "Effects of Suspended Sediments, Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients and Salinity on Fertilisation and Embryo Development in the Coral Acropora Millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834)." Coral Reefs 27.4 (2008): 837-50. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
- ↑ Horwitz, Rael, and Maoz Fine. "High CO Sub(2) Detrimentally Affects Tissue Regeneration of Red Sea Corals." Coral Reefs 33.3 (2014): 819-29. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
- ↑ Torres-Perez, J., and R. A. Armstrong. "Effects of UV Radiation on the Growth, Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Components, and Reproduction of the Caribbean Shallow-Water Coral Porites Furcata." Coral Reefs 31.4 (2012): 1077-91. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
- ↑ Aranceta-Garza, F., et al. "Effect of Tropical Storms on Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Coral Pocillopora Verrucosa Subpopulations in the Gulf of California." Coral Reefs 31.4 (2012): 1157-67. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
Notes from Brian
Also came across this interesting tidbit from http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=129838&WT.mc_id=USNSF_51&WT.mc_ev=click
Jorge Cortes remembered that several years ago a scientist had reported finding that some corals are a target of biting triggerfish.
"That was the missing piece," Baums says. "We realized that triggerfish were eating the mussels inside the coral skeletons. To get at the mussels, the fish have to bite the coral.
"They then spit out the fragments, and those fragments land on the ocean floor and grow into new coral colonies.
"No one had realized how important fish might be in helping corals reproduce. Now there's evidence that triggerfish attacks on Porites evermanni result in asexual reproduction--the coral fragments cloning themselves."
Someone should track down this study and find out more of the details.