Cyclones: Difference between revisions
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<ref>Fabricius, Katharina E., Glenn De'ath, Marji Lee Puotinen, Terry Done, Timothy F. Cooper, and Scott C Burgess. "Disturbance Gradients on Inshore and Offshore Coral Reefs Caused by a Severe Tropical Cyclone." Diss. N.d. Abstract. Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. N.p., 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.</ref> | <ref>Fabricius, Katharina E., Glenn De'ath, Marji Lee Puotinen, Terry Done, Timothy F. Cooper, and Scott C Burgess. "Disturbance Gradients on Inshore and Offshore Coral Reefs Caused by a Severe Tropical Cyclone." Diss. N.d. Abstract. Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. N.p., 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.</ref> | ||
Tropical Cyclone Ingrid | Tropical Cyclone Ingrid hit the Great Barrier Reef in March of 2005. Ingrid ranged between a category 3 and category 5 cyclone with winds up to 250 km/s; however, the actual size of the cyclone was small. The core of the cyclone was only 10-15 km diameter. The winds caused waves of up to 15 m in the open ocean and around 5 m in the Great Barrier Reef. The extent of the damage was caused by the fact that Ingrid hit three different states in Australia. This is the first time in history that a tropical cyclone hit this many states in Australia. The intensity of the damage was caused by the high winds in such a small area. The offshore reef had the deepest depth of damage, but the inshore reefs had the most coral reef and dislodgement. In the worst affected areas, the coral cover decreased 8x. The biodiversity decreased 2.5x and coral reefs decreased by about 30%. | ||
== Case study: Cyclone Yasi == | |||
<ref>"ABC Rural." Long-term Coral Damage from Cyclone Yasi. ABC, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.</ref> | |||
Tropical Cyclone Yasi made landfall in Queensland, Australia in February of 2011. Yasi reached a category 5 cyclone with strong, damaging winds of 205 km/s. | |||
===How to Protect against Tropical Cyclones=== | ===How to Protect against Tropical Cyclones=== | ||
Revision as of 00:16, 17 April 2013
Tropical Cyclones
What is a tropical cyclone?
- intense cells of low pressure with a central eye surrounded by a circular wind system
- storm surges, strong winds
- unpredictable directions [1]
What Kind of Damage does it do to coral reefs?
- erosion:
- destruction and removal of coral
- removal of surface sand and soil
- storm ridges [2]
- biodiversity [3]
Recovery
- time needed to return to original state
- greater damage can take anywhere between 5 to 40 years to recover [4]
History of Cyclones
Impacts on the Great Barrier Reef
Case study: Cyclone Ingrid
[5]
Tropical Cyclone Ingrid hit the Great Barrier Reef in March of 2005. Ingrid ranged between a category 3 and category 5 cyclone with winds up to 250 km/s; however, the actual size of the cyclone was small. The core of the cyclone was only 10-15 km diameter. The winds caused waves of up to 15 m in the open ocean and around 5 m in the Great Barrier Reef. The extent of the damage was caused by the fact that Ingrid hit three different states in Australia. This is the first time in history that a tropical cyclone hit this many states in Australia. The intensity of the damage was caused by the high winds in such a small area. The offshore reef had the deepest depth of damage, but the inshore reefs had the most coral reef and dislodgement. In the worst affected areas, the coral cover decreased 8x. The biodiversity decreased 2.5x and coral reefs decreased by about 30%.
Case study: Cyclone Yasi
[6]
Tropical Cyclone Yasi made landfall in Queensland, Australia in February of 2011. Yasi reached a category 5 cyclone with strong, damaging winds of 205 km/s.
How to Protect against Tropical Cyclones
- Marine protected areas [7]
- NTAs provide protection and act as sources of recovery after natural disasters
Notes
- ↑ Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille L. "The Effects of Storms and Cyclones on Coral Reefs: A Review." Journal of Coastal Research (1994): 211-31. JSTOR. Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ Scoffin, T.P. "The Geological Effects of Hurricanes on Coral Reefs and the Interpretation of Storm Deposits - Springer." Coral Reefs 12.3-4 (1993): 203-21. Springer Link. Springer-Verlag, 01 Nov. 1993. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille L. "The Effects of Storms and Cyclones on Coral Reefs: A Review." Journal of Coastal Research (1994): 211-31. JSTOR. Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ Hughes, T.P., A.H. Baird, D.R. Bellwood, M. Card, S.R. Connolly, C. Folke, R. Grosberg, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J.B.C. Jackson, J. Kleypas, J.M. Lough, P. Marshall, M. Nystrom, S.R. Palumbi, J.M. Pandolfi, B. Rosen, and J. Roughgarden. "Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs." Science 301.5635 (2003): 929-33. Science Magazine. 15 Aug. 2003. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ Fabricius, Katharina E., Glenn De'ath, Marji Lee Puotinen, Terry Done, Timothy F. Cooper, and Scott C Burgess. "Disturbance Gradients on Inshore and Offshore Coral Reefs Caused by a Severe Tropical Cyclone." Diss. N.d. Abstract. Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. N.p., 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ "ABC Rural." Long-term Coral Damage from Cyclone Yasi. ABC, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
- ↑ Hughes, T.P., A.H. Baird, D.R. Bellwood, M. Card, S.R. Connolly, C. Folke, R. Grosberg, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J.B.C. Jackson, J. Kleypas, J.M. Lough, P. Marshall, M. Nystrom, S.R. Palumbi, J.M. Pandolfi, B. Rosen, and J. Roughgarden. "Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs." Science 301.5635 (2003): 929-33. Science Magazine. 15 Aug. 2003. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.