Earthquakes/Tsunamis

Overview--What is an Earthquake? What is a Tsunami?

Types of Damage:

Effects of Earthquakes on Coral Reefs: 1. Uplift 2. Subsidence

Effects of Tsunamis on Coral Reefs: 1. Removes benthic assemblages: 2. Resets succession and structure of communities

History of Earthquakes in the Caribbean (Important Case Studies): 1. Belizean Barrier Reef--Earthquake 2009

               a. Description of Catastrophe:

b. Immediate Impacts on Coral: c. Further Ecological Impacts:

History of Tsunamis in the Caribbean (Important Case Studies): 1.

               a. Description of Catastrophe:

b. Immediate Impacts on Coral: c. Further Ecological Impacts:

Looking Forward: 1. Restoration of Previously Damaged Reefs a. role of ecological history 2. Return Times of Natural Disasters in the Future 3. Status of Caribbean Coral Reefs in 100 Years