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= Developing an Effective Management Plan =
= Developing an Effective Management Plan =


=== What makes for an effective Management Plan? ===
=== History of Ecosystem Management ===


*Value of the ecosystem, resource needs and sources must be understood, and there must be a balance between resource extraction and ecological integrity
*Value of the ecosystem, resource needs and sources must be understood, and there must be a balance between resource extraction and ecological integrity
*Coral reefs provide essential functions and services
*Protect shorelines, filter water, cycle nutrients
*Provide habitat for commercially valuable fish species
*Provide recreational and aesthetic enjoyment to people
*Coral reef species are commercially harvested for several reasons
*Sources of pharmaceuticals and natural-product chemicals.
*Provide recreation and tourism, scientific research, education
*Threats to ecosystems function and services must be identified in order to efficiently direct management
*Harvesting Activities - decline of populations and loss of higher level carnivores within the ecosystem from over harvest, physical damage from fishing gear
*Recreational Use - anchor and diver damage to corals, disturbance of reef organisms, pollution of the reef environment
*Water Pollution - various impacts ranging from loss of light to nutrient changes and disease introductions
*Coastal Development - increased sedimentation, altered upland runoff and nutrient input to the reef system, loss of juvenile nursery habitat
*Successful ecosystem management must account for stability and resilience in order to ensure sustainability of the ecosystem in the long run
*The ecosystem must be viewed in a holistic manner and with a contextual point of view
*Non-equilibrium perspective of ecosystems, dynamic and consist of constantly shifting mosaics
*Uncertainty cannot always be accounted for so flexibility in management in necessary
*Management plans must be constantly revised in order to adapt to dynamic conditions


=== Resources ===
=== Resources ===

Revision as of 00:44, 16 April 2014

Developing an Effective Management Plan

History of Ecosystem Management

  • Value of the ecosystem, resource needs and sources must be understood, and there must be a balance between resource extraction and ecological integrity

Resources

  • Tilmant, James. Coral Reef Protected Areas: A Guide for Management. Prepared by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation. March, 2000.
  • Ecosystem Management: Adaptive Community-Based Conservation by: G.K. Meffe, L.A., Nielsen, R.L. Night, & D.A. Schenborn. 2002. Chapter 2.
  • Lackey, R. T. (2001). Values, policy, and ecosystem health. Bioscience 51:437-443.
  • Holling, C.S. and G.K. Meffe. (1996). Control and the pathology of natural resource management. Conservation Biology 10(2): 328-337.
  • Botsford, L.W., et al. (1997). The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science. 277:509-515.


Resources

  1. Tilmant, James. Coral Reef Protected Areas: A Guide for Management. Prepared by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation. March, 2000
  2. Meffe, Chap. 2
  3. Lackey, R. T. (2001). Values, policy, and ecosystem health. Bioscience 51:437-443.
  4. Holling, C.S. and G.K. Meffe. (1996). Control and the pathology of natural resource management. Conservation Biology 10(2): 328-337.
  5. Nowacki, G.J. and M.D. Abrams. (2008). The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States. BioScience. 58(2):123-138.
  6. Botsford, L.W., et al. (1997). The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science. 277:509-515.
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