ManagementPlan

Developing an Effective Management Plan

History of Ecosystem Management

• Resource management became a necessity as people began to overexploit valuable natural commodities such as fishes, forests, water, and game. Several ideas emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that spurred the evolution of natural resource management toward a more ecosystem based management approach.

1. Tilmant, James. Coral Reef Protected Areas: A Guide for Management. Prepared by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation. March, 2000
2. Meffe, Chap. 2
3. Lackey, R. T. (2001). Values, policy, and ecosystem health. Bioscience 51:437-443.
4. Holling, C.S. and G.K. Meffe. (1996). Control and the pathology of natural resource management. Conservation Biology 10(2): 328-337.
5. Nowacki, G.J. and M.D. Abrams. (2008). The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States. BioScience. 58(2):123-138.
6. Botsford, L.W., et al. (1997). The management of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Science. 277:509-515.