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= Threats to Corals and Coral Reefs = | = Threats to Corals and Coral Reefs = | ||
[[File:reefs_at_risk.jpg|thumb|400x206px|Map of the world's threatened reefs <ref name="rar" />]] | |||
Nearly 60% of the world's coral reefs are threatened by human activity, and that number is even higher for Florida's reefs and reefs in the Caribbean. <ref name="rar">Bryant, Dirk, Burke, Lauretta, McManus, John, Spalding, Mark, et. al. Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Threats to the World’s Coral Reefs. 1998. World Resources Institute (WRI), International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). http://pdf.wri.org/reefs.pdf</ref> | |||
== Natural Threats == | |||
[[ | * [[Cyclones|Tropical Cyclones]] | ||
* [[Earthquakes|Earthquakes and Tsunamis]] | |||
* [[ENSO|El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)]] | |||
* [[Outbreaks|Population explosions (outbreaks) in certain species]] | |||
== Human-induced Threats == | |||
(some of these may be both natural and human-induced) | |||
[[PhysicalDamage|Physical Damage]] | * [[Pollution]] including [[WaterPollution|Water Pollution]] | [[NutrientLoading|Nutrient Loading]] | [[Plastics|Plastics and Other Litter]] | [[Microplastics]] | [[SewageTreatment|Sewage Treatment]] | ||
* [[Overfishing]] | |||
* [[PhysicalDamage|Physical Damage]] | |||
* [[Sediment|Sediment Overload (ex. from deforestation)]] | |||
* [[InvasiveSpecies|Invasive Species]] | |||
* [[CoralTrade|The Coral Trade (jewelry, aquariums, etc.)]] | |||
* [[CoralMining|Coral Mining]] | |||
* [[Sunscreen]] | |||
* [[DDAM|DDAM (Dissolve Organic Matter (DOM), Disease, Algae, and Microbes) negative feedback loop]] | |||
* [[Macroalgae]] | |||
== Related to Climate Change == | |||
[[ | * [[Bleaching]] | ||
* [[Disease]] | |||
* [[Acidification]] | |||
* [[SSTs| The Potential Link Between Sea Surface Temperatures and Flooding]] | |||
* [[AirPollution|Long-range Transport of Dust and Other Pollutants (ex. African dust or wildfire emissions)]] | |||
== Case Studies == | |||
[[ | * [[SugarCane|The Effects of the Sugar Cane Industry on the Great Barrier Reef]] | ||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
Latest revision as of 14:40, 27 February 2024
Threats to Corals and Coral Reefs
Nearly 60% of the world's coral reefs are threatened by human activity, and that number is even higher for Florida's reefs and reefs in the Caribbean. [1]
Natural Threats
- Tropical Cyclones
- Earthquakes and Tsunamis
- El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
- Population explosions (outbreaks) in certain species
Human-induced Threats
(some of these may be both natural and human-induced)
- Pollution including Water Pollution | Nutrient Loading | Plastics and Other Litter | Microplastics | Sewage Treatment
- Overfishing
- Physical Damage
- Sediment Overload (ex. from deforestation)
- Invasive Species
- The Coral Trade (jewelry, aquariums, etc.)
- Coral Mining
- Sunscreen
- DDAM (Dissolve Organic Matter (DOM), Disease, Algae, and Microbes) negative feedback loop
- Macroalgae
Related to Climate Change
- Bleaching
- Disease
- Acidification
- The Potential Link Between Sea Surface Temperatures and Flooding
- Long-range Transport of Dust and Other Pollutants (ex. African dust or wildfire emissions)
Case Studies
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bryant, Dirk, Burke, Lauretta, McManus, John, Spalding, Mark, et. al. Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Threats to the World’s Coral Reefs. 1998. World Resources Institute (WRI), International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). http://pdf.wri.org/reefs.pdf