Threats

Threats to Corals and Coral Reefs

Natural Threats

Tropical Cyclones

Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Human-induced Threats (some of these may be both natural and human-induced)

Bleaching

Disease (Maite Ghazaleh and Kathyn Cobleigh)

Pollution

Overfishing

Physical Damage

Sediment Overload (ex. from deforestation)

Invasive Species (Andrew Ireland and Kristen Taulbee)

Long-range Transport of Dust and Other Pollutants (ex. African dust or wildfire emissions)

The Coral Trade (jewelry, aquariums, etc.)

Coral Mining