WaterPollution

Water Pollution

Overview

Major sources, major consequences, broad and then focus on problems, then look at policy and possible solutions (real and proposed; including actual cases)

Major Sources of Pollution

Industrial

• chemical release
• urban development
• factory development

Human Waste

• sewage
• litter

Physical/Chemical

• tourism
  • sunscreen
  • physical damage caused by tourists
• offshore oil production

Environmental Consequences of Pollution in Coral Reef Environments

• loss of biodiversity
• damages to food chains
• loss of habitat
• damage to tourism based economies

Case Study

• Focus on St. John's

Impact

• Fish
• Plants

Additional Research/Study

Potential Future Complications

• ecology
• evolution of types of pollution

Notes

1. "An Overview of Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution." UNEP-Caribbean Environment Programme_Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution. CAR/RCU, 21 Aug. 2001. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.cep.unep.org/issues/lbsp.html>.
2. "Coral Damage." Right Tourism Campaign Care for the Wild International Coral Damage Comments. N.p., 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://right-tourism.com/issues/marine-activities/coral-damage/>.
3. Harder, Ben. "Raw Human Waste Killing Off Coral Reefs?" National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 27 June 2002. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0627_020627_coral.html>.
4. "Local Action Strategies." United states Coral Reef Task Force. May 2009. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.coralreef.gov/las/>.
5. "Ocean and Coastal Management in the U.S. Virgin Islands." NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. 19 Feb 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2014. <http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/mystate/virgin_islands.html>.
6. "Status of and Threat to Coral Reefs." International Coral Reef Initiative. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/status-and-threat-coral-reefs>.
7. Shah, Anup. "Coral Reefs." Global Issues. N.p., 3 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://www.globalissues.org/article/173/coral-reefs>.
8. Syedali, S.A. "Nonpoint source success stories: Virgin Islands." US Environmental Protection Agency, 6 March 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/success319/virgin.cfm>.
9. "Task Force Members." United States Coral Reef Task Force. June 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.coralreef.gov/about/members.html>.
10. Than, Ker. "Swimmers' Sunscreen Killing Off Coral." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 28 Jan. 2008. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080129-sunscreen-coral.html>.
11. "The Value of Corals." Coral Reef Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://coralreefsystems.org/content/value-corals>.
12. "U.S. Marine Protected Areas." Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov/dataanalysis/mpainventory/mpaviewer/>.
13. "Virgin Islands Coastal Zone Management Program." NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. Jan 2009. <http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/mystate/docs/virginislandscmp2009.pdf>.
14. "VIRGIN ISLANDS COASTAL NONPOINT PROGRAM NOAA/EPA DECISIONS ON CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL." NOAA. Feb. 2002. <http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/nonpoint/docs/6217vi_fnl.pdf>